砂仁叶斑病田间发病影响因素调查研究

2008年至2009年对西双版纳阳春砂仁叶斑病田间发病情况进行了调查,结果显示,叶斑病是云南阳春砂仁叶片上的主要炳害之一.其发病规律及特点:10月初发病,1月为发病高峰,8月发病较低;具有冬季发病重,夏季发病轻的特点.影响田间发病的因素有气温、降雨量、种植密度、环境、品种等,对3个砂仁基地进行月均温、月降雨量与田间病情指数相关性分析表明,田间病情指数与月均温的相关性系数R2 =0.8413,与降雨量的相关性系数R2 =0.9358,即气温在10 ～30℃,降雨量在10～250 mm,气温越高降雨越多田间叶斑病发病指数越低,即呈负相关关系.     

欧洲鳗鲡生态健康养殖模式探析

提出了把生态学理念应用到欧洲鳗鲡养殖管理中的思路,即通过调控养殖水体生态环境因子,建立多样性水体生物结构,最大程度提高养殖水体自净和生态防病抗病能力,实现少换水、少用药、提高饲料效率和降低成本的养殖效果.试验共投白仔苗961 188尾,经过280 d的养殖,共收获鳗鱼54 890 kg,平均59 g/尾,成活率97.8...     

设施栽培果菜类嫁接育苗的砧木选育和应用

果菜类嫁接育苗换根栽培技术是防控果菜类土传病害的安全、环保、有效的实用技术。该项技术的核心是选育和应用优良的砧木材料,该文对果菜类嫁接育苗技术实施时应注意的技术环节进行了阐述。     

白菜黑斑病研究进展

白菜黑斑病是危害生产的真菌性病害,在中国北方地区频频流行,已经成为白菜生产上的重要病害之一,该文从黑斑病病原研究、抗性鉴定、抗性遗传规律等方面进行论述。以期为该病害的相关研究工作提供借鉴。     

荆州黑麦 NPR1同源基因 ScNPR1的克隆与特性分析

为了明确荆州黑麦ScNPR1基因的功能,对荆州黑麦 NPR1同源基因ScNPR1进行克隆并分析了其表达特性。利用同源序列法和RACE技术从荆州黑麦中克隆得到 NPR1同源基因的3 185 bp全长cDNA序列,该基因包含了一个编码507个氨基酸(1 524 bp)的开放阅读框、终止密码子TGA、5′端1 517 bp的非编码区和3′端144 bp的非编码区,命名为ScNPR1。利用生物信息学软件对其结构进行分析,ScNPR1编码的氨基酸序列与已知的小麦、水稻 NPR1基因编码的氨基酸序列具较高的同源性,分别达到92.4%和90.3%。荧光定量PCR发现,ScNPR1基因在小麦不同器官中均有表达,在叶、茎、根中表达较高;ScNPR1基因在植物抗病相关信号分子水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯处理后上调表达,在白粉病菌、纹枯病菌和赤霉病菌的诱导下,ScNPR1基因也上调表达。研究结果表明,ScNPR1基因与水杨酸和乙烯信号转导途径有关,参与寄主对病原菌侵染的防御反应。     

A web-based intelligent disease-diagnosis system using a new fuzzy-logic based approach for drawing the inferences in crops

This paper suggests a new approach for providing intelligence in the system for diagnosis of diseases of the oilseed-crops. It reports the development of a web-based intelligent disease diagnosis system (WIDDS). The WIDDS is based on a new fuzzy logic approach. The approach is based on use of a rule-promotion methodology. This approach enables the drawing of inferences with the enhanced intelligence. The WIDDS also incorporates new features that improve the presently existing expert systems. The new features are (i) object-oriented (O-O) inference model, (ii) dynamic knowledge base creation strategy. The dynamically promoted rules are derived from those diagnosis sessions, which resulted in successful decisions. This enables more efficient decision-making in the future sessions, (iii) audio-visual-graphical user interface using text-to-speech (TTS) conversion tools. The WIDDS results in decreasing not only the number of interactive question-answer sessions with the clients but also leads to acceptable diagnosis. Further, the inferences are drawn faster compared to the traditional approach, which is the expert based reasoning method. The suggested WIDDS, which is based on rule-promotion approach, has been tested for three oilseeds crops - soybean, groundnut and rapeseed-mustard.     

苜蓿内生拮抗放线菌的促生防病作用研究

[目的]从苜蓿内生放线菌中筛选拮抗菌株。[方法]采用已从健康苜蓿组织中分离得到的内生放线菌Mx1、Mx3、Mx5进行温室促生防病测定。[结果]菌株Mx3的发酵液对番茄灰霉病的防效可达56.56%,对小麦全蚀病的防效为44.67%;发酵液对2种病害的防效都明显高于菌悬液。对温室番茄株高、叶片数生长影响最明显;对小麦、黄瓜的促生均高于对照。[结论]菌株Mx3促生效果最好,其发酵液的防病效果明显优于菌悬液。     

环境因素对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发与存活的影响

[目的]对影响苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发及存活的环境因子进行研究,为防治苹果树腐烂病提供理论依据。[方法]对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子的萌发条件、在不同环境下的存活时间进行了测试。[结果]苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子在清水中不能萌发,在PDA、ABA和RA 3种培养基上24 h萌发率均超过80%。分生孢子在0~35℃均可萌发,但在不同温度下萌发时间有较大差异,最适萌发温度是25℃,24 h萌发率超过90%。在0℃培养18 d,孢子萌发率可达64%。分生孢子角在49℃下10 m in即可致死。腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发率随紫外线强度增加及照射时间延长而显著下降。在室内外分别测试了腐烂病菌分生孢子角的存活时间。在室内,树枝上的腐烂病菌分生孢子角可存活9周,而在树皮上的分生孢子角放置5周即失去萌发能力。在室外,自然背阴条件下,分生孢子可存活2周;而在向阳处经1周,分生孢子即丧失萌发能力。分生孢子在室温下无菌水中可存活5周。[结论]腐烂病菌分生孢子对环境的适应力较强,在冬季的低温下也能萌发造成侵染。     

外源抗菌肽在转基因鱼腥草中的表达及抗茎腐病研究

[目的]鉴定转基因鱼腥草中外源抗菌肽的表达,分析抗茎腐病的能力。[方法]通过SDS—PAG电泳和Westernblot方法检测转基因鱼腥草植株中外源抗菌肽的表达,接种不同浓度的立枯丝核菌孢子,比较转基因植株与非转基因植株的染病情况。[结果]外源抗菌肽能在转基因鱼腥草中表达;立枯丝核菌的最佳侵染孢子浓度为3×105．／ml,观察时间以3d为宜,转基因鱼腥草较非转基因鱼腥草的抗茎腐病能力增强。[结论]外源抗茵肽的表达能增强转基因鱼腥草植株的抗茎腐病能力。     

Detection of head blight (Fusarium ssp.) in winter wheat by color and multispectral image analyses

The use of camera vision to automatically detect head blight (scab) on wheat ears could provide information about the severity of this dangerous disease and help meet future food traceability requirements. Fusarium spp. is dangerous for both human and animal consumption and the ability to monitor symptom location and severity before the harvested product is further processed or stored could help determine whether the grain is fit for human/animal consumption, for bio-conservation, or is completely unusable.To generate various infection levels, field trials were conducted in 2008 and 2009 using wheat varieties with differing levels of susceptibility to the disease; plots were artificially infected with a spore suspension. A color (red, green, and blue) and a multispectral (red, infrared) camera system with real-time image analysis software were developed and compared to detect disease symptoms in the plots.The chlorophyll defect of the infected wheat ears was classified against the image background by setting binarization thresholds. The result was a black and white image. Single pixels or tiny clusters of pixels not belonging to the symptoms were eliminated by setting an area threshold. For both systems, a linear correlation was found between the camera and the visually detected disease levels of the wheat ears in the plots.In the non-infected control plots without disease symptoms, the multispectral system accurately measured “no disease” even though the digital color system detected too much infection (i.e., a false positive). The multispectral system showed a superior calibration capacity. While the color system had to calibrate for each variety, the multispectral system used only one calibration step before starting the measurements.